Relatives

English

Teochew

grandfather

kon₃

paternal grandfather

lai₂₀kon₃

maternal grandfather

gua₀kon₃

grandmother

ma₄

paternal grandmother

lai₂₀ma₄

maternal grandmother

gua₀ma₄

father

pa₂, pe₂

father (when addressing)

pa₂, a₃pa₂, pa₂₀pa₂, tia₃, a₃tia₃, tia₃tia₃

mother

ai₁, bo₄, bo₄₂chin₃

mother (when addressing)

ai₁, a₃ai₁, bo₄, a₃bo₄, bo₄₂chin₃

husband

an₃, (formal: zian₀hu₃)

wife

bou₄, (formal: hu₃jin₁)

son/one’s child

kia`₄, ji₁

son

tao₃kia`₄, nam₁₀ji₁

daughter

zao₄₂kia`₄, nng₁₀ji₁

one’s child

nou₁

daughter-in-law

sin₃pu₂

son-in-law

kia`₄₂sai₅

father-in-law (husband’s father)

ta₄₂kua`₃

mother-in-law (husband’s mother)

ta₄₂ke₃

father-in-law (wife’s father)

g`ag₁₀pe₂

mother-in-law (wife’s mother)

g`ag₁₀bo₄

daughter'-in-law’s/son-in-law’s father

chin₃ke₃

daughter'-in-law’s/son-in-law’s mother

che`₃m₄

grandchild/grandson

sun₃

grandson

nam₁₀sun₃

granddaughter

nng₁₀sun₃

great grandchildren

hian₁₀sun₃

great-great grandchildren

zen₃sun₃

great grandfather

lao₂₀kon₃

paternal great grandfather

lao₂₀lai₂₀kon₃

maternal great grandfather

lao₂₀gua₀kon₃

great-great grandfather

zou₄₂kon₃

great-great grandmother

zou₄₂ma₄

elder brother

hia`₃

elder brother’s wife

so₄

elder sister

ze₄

elder sister’s husband

nng₁

younger brother

ti₂

younger brother’s wife

sio₄₂m₄  (formal: ti₂₀hu₂)

younger sister

mue₀

younger sister’s husband

mue₀sai₅

paternal uncle (older than one’s father)

ped₀

wife of “ped₀”

m₄

paternal grand uncle (older than one’s paternal grandfather)

lao₂₀ped₀

wife of “lao₂₀ped₀”

lao₂₀m₄

paternal great grand uncle (older than one’s paternal great grandfather)

zou₄₂ped₀

wife of “zou₄₂ped₀”

zou₄₂m₄

paternal uncle (younger than one’s father)

zeig₀  (variant: zeg₀)

wife of “zeig₀”

sim₄

paternal grand uncle (younger than one’s paternal grandfather)

lao₂₀zeig₀  (variant: lao₂₀zeg₀)

wife of “lao₂₀zeig₀”

lao₂₀sim₄

paternal great grand uncle (younger than one’s paternal great grandfather)

zou₄₂zeig₀  (variant: zou₄₂zeg₀)

wife of “zou₄₂zeig₀”

zou₄₂sim₄

maternal uncle (mother’s brother)

ku₂

wife of maternal uncle

kim₂

maternal grand uncle

lao₂₀ku₂

wife of “lao₂₀ku₂”

lao₂₀kim

maternal great grand uncle

zou₄₂ku₂

wife of “zou₄₂ku₂”

zou₄₂kim₂

paternal auntie

kou₃

husband of paternal auntie

kou₃tio`₂^

maternal auntie

i₁

husband of maternal auntie

i₁₀tio`₂^

paternal grand auntie

lao₂₀kou₃

maternal grand auntie

lao₂₀i₁

paternal great grand auntie

zou₄₂kou₃

maternal great grand auntie

zou₄₂i₁

paternal elder cousin brother

than₁₀hia`₃

maternal elder cousin sister

pio₄₂ze₄

maternal younger cousin sister

pio₄₂mue₀

^ address as a₃tio`<sub>2</sub>, not as kou<sub>3</sub>tio`₂ or i₁₀tio`<sub>2</sub>; but if more than 1 tio`₂, then address as tua₀tio`<sub>2</sub>, ji<sub>20</sub>tio`₂, sa`<sub>3</sub>tio`₂, etc.

Note 1: When addressing a relative, add prefix “a₃” if the term for the relative consists of only one word, e.g. a₃kon₃ (grandfather), a₃hia`₃ (elder brother), a₃mue₀ (younger sister).

Note 2: When one has more than 1 relative of the term (e.g. hia`<sub>3</sub>), use position prefixes tua<sub>0</sub> (eldest), ji<sub>20</sub> (2nd), sa`₃ (3^rd), si₅₄ (4^th), …. soi₅₄ (youngest), e.g. tua₀hia`<sub>3</sub>, ji<sub>20</sub>ze<sub>4</sub>, si<sub>54</sub>ti<sub>2</sub>, soi<sub>54</sub>mue<sub>0</sub>, sa`₃i₁, lao₂₀ji₂₀zeg₀, etc.

Note 3: When addressing wife’s/husband’s relatives, follow one’s children in the old days but follow one’s wife/husband in this modern age.

Note 4: Plural and singular use the same terms.